Acceleration of recovery after injury to the peripheral nervous system using ultrasound and other therapeutic modalities.

Taken together, these studies show the promise of various therapeutic modalities for the noninvasive treatment of peripheral nerve injury. Further progress on these promising methods requires determining the biologic mechanisms responsible for the ability of these modalities to enhance peripheral nerve recovery. Necessary investigations include validation or refutation of the hypothesis that these therapies act on various aspects of the natural healing process. Examples include cellular and molecular processes involved in promoting Wallerian degeneration and the rate and specificity of axonal regeneration and remyelination and muscle reinnervation, processes that are distributed between the regenerating nerve itself, the pathway of the regenerating axon, and the target of the regenerating nerve. An increased understanding of the biologic mechanisms underlying the enhancement of peripheral nerve recovery after injury would lend greater insight into the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in successful nerve regeneration and muscle reinnervation. This increased understanding may also result in clinically beneficial treatments for peripheral nerve disorders.