OBJECTIVE: Cigarette smoking has been demonstrated to increase the risk of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Whether cessation of smoking decreases this risk remains unclear. We performed a case-control study to examine the effect of smoking and other known risk factors for cerebrovascular disease on the risk of SAH. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of all patients with a diagnosis of SAH (n = 323) admitted to Johns Hopkins Hospital between January 1990 and June 1997. Controls matched for age, sex, and ethnicity (n = 969) were selected from a nationally representative sample of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We determined the independent association between smoking (current and previous) and various cerebrovascular risk factors and SAH by use of multivariate logistic regression analysis. A separate analysis was performed to determine associated risk factors for aneurysmal SAH. RESULTS: Of 323 patients admitted with SAH (mean age, 52.7+/-14 yr; 93 were men), 173 (54%) were hypertensive, 149 (46%) were currently smoking, and 125 (39%) were previous smokers. In the multivariate analysis, both previous smoking (odds ratio [OR], 4.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.1-6.5) and current smoking (OR, 5.2; 95% CI, 3.6-7.5) were significantly associated with SAH. Hypertension was also significantly associated with SAH (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.8-3.1). The risk factors for 290 patients with aneurysmal SAH were similar and included hypertension (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.8-3.2), previous smoking (OR, 4.1; 95% CI, 2.7-6.0), and current smoking (OR, 5.4; 95% CI, 3.7-7.8). CONCLUSION: Hypertension and cigarette smoking increase the risk for development of SAH, as found in previous studies. However, the increased risk persists even after cessation of cigarette smoking, which suggests the importance of early abstinence from smoking.
OBJECTIVE: Cigarette smoking has been demonstrated to increase the risk of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Whether cessation of smoking decreases this risk remains unclear. We performed a case-control study to examine the effect of smoking and other known risk factors for cerebrovascular disease on the risk of SAH. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of all patients with a diagnosis of SAH (n = 323) admitted to Johns Hopkins Hospital between January 1990 and June 1997. Controls matched for age, sex, and ethnicity (n = 969) were selected from a nationally representative sample of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We determined the independent association between smoking (current and previous) and various cerebrovascular risk factors and SAH by use of multivariate logistic regression analysis. A separate analysis was performed to determine associated risk factors for aneurysmalSAH. RESULTS: Of 323 patients admitted with SAH (mean age, 52.7+/-14 yr; 93 were men), 173 (54%) were hypertensive, 149 (46%) were currently smoking, and 125 (39%) were previous smokers. In the multivariate analysis, both previous smoking (odds ratio [OR], 4.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.1-6.5) and current smoking (OR, 5.2; 95% CI, 3.6-7.5) were significantly associated with SAH. Hypertension was also significantly associated with SAH (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.8-3.1). The risk factors for 290 patients with aneurysmalSAH were similar and included hypertension (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.8-3.2), previous smoking (OR, 4.1; 95% CI, 2.7-6.0), and current smoking (OR, 5.4; 95% CI, 3.7-7.8). CONCLUSION:Hypertension and cigarette smoking increase the risk for development of SAH, as found in previous studies. However, the increased risk persists even after cessation of cigarette smoking, which suggests the importance of early abstinence from smoking.
Authors: Anil Can; Victor M Castro; Yildirim H Ozdemir; Sarajune Dagen; Dmitriy Dligach; Sean Finan; Sheng Yu; Vivian Gainer; Nancy A Shadick; Guergana Savova; Shawn Murphy; Tianxi Cai; Scott T Weiss; Rose Du Journal: Transl Stroke Res Date: 2017-07-27 Impact factor: 6.829
Authors: Matthew Gallek; Sheila Alexander; Elizabeth Crago; Paula Sherwood; Michael Horowitz; Samuel Poloyac; Yvette Conley Journal: Biol Res Nurs Date: 2012-09-19 Impact factor: 2.522
Authors: Ellen Kantor; Hülya Bayır; Dianxu Ren; J Javier Provencio; Laura Watkins; Elizabeth Crago; Michael B Horowitz; Robert E Ferrell; Yvette P Conley; Sheila A Alexander Journal: J Neurosurg Date: 2013-11-29 Impact factor: 5.115
Authors: Anil Can; Victor M Castro; Yildirim H Ozdemir; Sarajune Dagen; Sheng Yu; Dmitriy Dligach; Sean Finan; Vivian Gainer; Nancy A Shadick; Shawn Murphy; Tianxi Cai; Guergana Savova; Ruben Dammers; Scott T Weiss; Rose Du Journal: Neurology Date: 2017-08-30 Impact factor: 9.910
Authors: Eric Meaudre; Christophe Jego; Nadia Kenane; Ambroise Montcriol; Henry Boret; Philippe Goutorbe; Gilbert Habib; Bruno Palmier Journal: Crit Care Date: 2009-05-20 Impact factor: 9.097