OBJECTIVE: Association between animal products and prostate cancer have been observed in numerous observational studies, but it is not clear whether the high fat content of these foods or some other component accounts for these associations. We examine these associations among 51,529 men who contributed detailed dietary data. METHODS: Participants of the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study completed a semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire in 1986, and subsequently in 1990 and 1994. Other data on potential risk factors were collected at baseline and in subsequent questionnaires during follow-up. Between 1986 and 1996, 1897 total cases of prostate cancer (excluding stage A1) and 249 metastatic cancers were identified. We used pooled logistic regression for analyses of diet and prostate cancer. RESULTS: Intakes of total meat, red meat, and dairy products were not associated with risk of total or advanced prostate cancer. An elevated risk for metastatic prostate cancer was observed with intake of red meat (relative risk (RR)= 1.6 for top vs. bottom quintile comparison, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.0-2.5); this association was slightly attenuated after controlling for saturated and alpha-linolenic fatty acids (RR = 1.5, 95% CI = 0.88-2.5). Processed meats, bacon and beef, pork or lamb as a main dish each contributed to an elevated risk of metastatic prostate cancer. Dairy product intake increased risk of metastatic prostate cancer (RR = 1.4, 95% CI = 0.91-2.2 for top vs. bottom quintile comparison), but no association remained after controlling for calcium and other fatty acids. A high intake in both red meat and dairy product was associated with a statistically significant two-fold elevation in risk of metastatic prostate cancer, compared to low intake of both products; however, most of the excess risk could be explained by known nutritional components of these foods. CONCLUSIONS: Intakes of red meat and dairy products appear to be related to increased risk of metastatic prostate cancer. While known nutrients, such as calcium and fatty acids, may explain most of the dairy association observed, it appears that a portion of the risk of metastatic prostate cancer associated with red meat intake remains unexplained.
OBJECTIVE: Association between animal products and prostate cancer have been observed in numerous observational studies, but it is not clear whether the high fat content of these foods or some other component accounts for these associations. We examine these associations among 51,529 men who contributed detailed dietary data. METHODS:Participants of the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study completed a semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire in 1986, and subsequently in 1990 and 1994. Other data on potential risk factors were collected at baseline and in subsequent questionnaires during follow-up. Between 1986 and 1996, 1897 total cases of prostate cancer (excluding stage A1) and 249 metastatic cancers were identified. We used pooled logistic regression for analyses of diet and prostate cancer. RESULTS: Intakes of total meat, red meat, and dairy products were not associated with risk of total or advanced prostate cancer. An elevated risk for metastatic prostate cancer was observed with intake of red meat (relative risk (RR)= 1.6 for top vs. bottom quintile comparison, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.0-2.5); this association was slightly attenuated after controlling for saturated and alpha-linolenic fatty acids (RR = 1.5, 95% CI = 0.88-2.5). Processed meats, bacon and beef, pork or lamb as a main dish each contributed to an elevated risk of metastatic prostate cancer. Dairy product intake increased risk of metastatic prostate cancer (RR = 1.4, 95% CI = 0.91-2.2 for top vs. bottom quintile comparison), but no association remained after controlling for calcium and other fatty acids. A high intake in both red meat and dairy product was associated with a statistically significant two-fold elevation in risk of metastatic prostate cancer, compared to low intake of both products; however, most of the excess risk could be explained by known nutritional components of these foods. CONCLUSIONS: Intakes of red meat and dairy products appear to be related to increased risk of metastatic prostate cancer. While known nutrients, such as calcium and fatty acids, may explain most of the dairy association observed, it appears that a portion of the risk of metastatic prostate cancer associated with red meat intake remains unexplained.
Authors: Kana Wu; Donna Spiegelman; Tao Hou; Demetrius Albanes; Naomi E Allen; Sonja I Berndt; Piet A van den Brandt; Graham G Giles; Edward Giovannucci; R Alexandra Goldbohm; Gary G Goodman; Phyllis J Goodman; Niclas Håkansson; Manami Inoue; Timothy J Key; Laurence N Kolonel; Satu Männistö; Marjorie L McCullough; Marian L Neuhouser; Yikyung Park; Elizabeth A Platz; Jeannette M Schenk; Rashmi Sinha; Meir J Stampfer; Victoria L Stevens; Shoichiro Tsugane; Kala Visvanathan; Lynne R Wilkens; Alicja Wolk; Regina G Ziegler; Stephanie A Smith-Warner Journal: Int J Cancer Date: 2016-05-15 Impact factor: 7.396
Authors: Moritz Binder; Irene M Shui; Kathryn M Wilson; Kathryn L Penney; Lorelei A Mucci; Adam S Kibel Journal: Cancer Causes Control Date: 2015-09-25 Impact factor: 2.506
Authors: Keith R Solomon; Kristine Pelton; Kelly Boucher; Jinsoo Joo; Christopher Tully; David Zurakowski; Carl P Schaffner; Jayoung Kim; Michael R Freeman Journal: Am J Pathol Date: 2009-01-29 Impact factor: 4.307