Cloning and characterization of a functional P2X receptor from larval bullfrog skin.

ATP activates an apical-to-basolateral nonselective cation current across the skin of larval bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana) with similarities to currents carried by some P2X receptors. A functional P2X receptor was cloned from tadpole skin RNA that encodes a 409-amino acid protein with highest protein homology to cP2X(8). RT-PCR showed that this transcript was found in skin, heart, eye, brain, and skeletal muscle of tadpoles but not in skin, brain, or heart of adults. After transcribed RNA from this clone was injected into Xenopus oocytes, application of ATP activated a transient current similar to other P2X receptors and the ATP-activated transient in short-circuit current (I(sc)) across intact skin. The agonists 2-methylthio-ATP and adenosine-5'-O-(thiotriphoshate) also activated transient currents. alpha,beta-Methylene-ATP and ADP were poor agonists of this receptor. Suramin and pyridoxal phosphate 6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulfonic acid tetrasodium (PPADS) were potent antagonists, and PPADS showed an irreversible blockade of this receptor to agonist activation. Under external Na(+)-free, Ca(2+)/Mg(2+)-free conditions (N-methyl-D-glucamine replacement, 0.5 mM EGTA), ATP activated a steadily increasing inward current. Fluorescence microscopy showed that propidium was entering the cells, suggesting that a relatively large pore size was formed under zero divalent conditions. This clone has some characteristics consistent with previously described ATP-activated I(sc) in the tadpole skin. Because the clone is not found in adult skin, it may have some exclusive role in the tadpole such as sensory reception by the skin or triggering apoptosis at metamorphosis.