The Surface Energy and Contact Angles of a Liquid Foam.

A liquid foam can be regarded as a single fluid with a characteristic "surface tension". This property is calculated for two- and three-dimensional ordered and disordered foams using a broken bond approach. The contact angle of a foam with a solid or a liquid substrate is also calculated from the energies of the bubbles in contact with the substrate. Experiments were carried out in which the contact angles of foams were measured, with reasonable agreement with the predictions. Copyright 2001 Academic Press.