Construction of humanized anti-ganglioside monoclonal antibodies with potent immune effector functions.

Gangliosides GD3, GD2 and GM2, which are the major gangliosides expressed on most human cancers of neuroectodermal and epithelial origin, have been focused on as effective targets for passive immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies. We previously developed a chimeric anti-GD3 mAb, KM871, and a humanized anti-GM2 mAb, KM8969, which specifically bound to the respective antigen with high affinity and showed potent immune effector functions. Humanization of anti-ganglioside antibody is expected to enhance its use for human cancer therapy. In the present study, we generated a chimeric anti-GD2 mAb, KM1138, and further developed the humanized form of anti-GD2 and anti-GD3 mAbs by the complementarity-determining regions grafting method. The resultant humanized anti-GD2 mAb, KM8138, and anti-GD3 mAb, KM8871, showed binding affinity and specificity similar to those of their chimeric counterparts. In addition, both humanized mAbs had functional potency comparable to the chimeric mAbs in mediating the immune effector functions, consisting of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity. The production of these humanized anti-ganglioside mAbs, with potent effector functions and low immunogenicity, precedes the evaluation of the therapeutic value of anti-ganglioside mAbs in passive immunotherapy and the target validation for ganglioside-based vaccine therapy.