A critical look at the assumptions of cognitive therapy.

The cognitive perspective has been a dominant force in psychology and psychotherapy since the 1970s. Cognitive therapists assume that changing cognition is the key to bringing about changes in emotional reactions and symptomatic behaviors. This article examines evidence that is not consistent with the assumptions of cognitive therapy. First, neurobiological evidence is not consistent with the assumption that cognitions are necessary for emotions. Limbic structures allow for the possibility that emotions can be experienced without cortical processing. Second, research indicates that experiences can be stored as isolated affective fragments that distort cognitive functions. The assumptions of contemporary psychoanalytic models of therapy are consistent with this evidence.