The cerebrocortical areas in normal brain aging and in Alzheimer's disease: noticeable differences in the lipid peroxidation level and in antioxidant defense.

The markers of oxidative stress were measured in four cerebrocortical regions of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and age-matched control brains. In controls the levels of diene conjugates (DC) and lipid peroxides (LOOH) were significantly higher in the sensory postcentral and occipital primary cortex than in the temporal inferior or frontal inferior cortex. The antioxidant capacity (AOC) was highest in the temporal, and GSH in the frontal inferior cortex. The highest activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) was found in the occipital primary cortex. Compared with controls, significantly higher level of DC and LOOH and attenuated AOC were evident in AD temporal inferior cortex. In AD frontal inferior cortex moderate increase in LOOH was associated with positive correlation between SOD activity and counts of senile plaques. Our data suggest that in AD cerebral cortex, the oxidative stress is expressed in the reducing sequence: temporal inferior cortex > frontal inferior cortex > sensory postcentral cortex approximately = occipital primary cortex, corresponding to the histopathological spreading of AD from the associative to primary cortical areas.