Benign superior vena cava syndrome.

Benign superior vena cava (SVC) obstruction is an uncommon entity. However, it is important to recognize that a small percentage of SVC syndromes are due to benign diseases such as mediastinal granulomas. The insidious onset and slow progression of symptoms allow for development of an efficient collateral venous circulation compatible with long-term survival. Surgical intervention to bypass the obstruction is often unsuccessful and should be avoided in most cases. We review the English literature on the subject, classify the various causes of benign SVC syndrome, and report our experience with 16 documented cases.