Molecular basis for the perception of pain.

It is perhaps presumptuous to talk about the molecular basis of a subjective sensation such as pain, but defined conformational changes in membrane proteins, controlled by a family of extra- and intracellular messenger molecules, are known to underlie the activation of sensory nerve terminals and the process of synaptic neurotransmission, which are necessary for pain perception. Furthermore, a subset of neurotransmission processes has a permissive, and possibly exclusive, role in pain perception. Clearly, the experience of pain in the clinical sense with all its affective components of unpleasantness and suffering cannot yet be fully understood in molecular terms, but the process of nociception, whereby the signal generated as a result of tissue damaging or potentially damaging peripheral stimuli reaches and evokes neuronal activity in the central nervous system, is becoming better characterized. Recent advances in neurobiology have given us insights that are already helping improve understanding of the events that lead to a patient experiencing pain and, it is hoped, will also lead to more successful treatment strategies.