Age-dependent degradation of calpastatin in kidney of hypertensive rats.

Hypertensive rats from the Milan strain show a significant decrease in calpastatin activity as compared with normotensive control animals. Calpastatin deficiency is age-related and highly relevant in kidney, heart, and erythrocytes and of minor entity in brain tissue. In normotensives the changes during aging in the levels of calpastatin activity and mRNA are consistent with an increase of calpastatin protein. In hypertensive rats such a relationship during aging is not observed, because a progressive accumulation of mRNA is accompanied by a lower amount of calpastatin protein as compared with control rats. Together with the low level of calpastatin in kidney of hypertensive rats, a progressive accumulation of an active 15-kDa calpastatin fragment, previously shown to represent a typical product of calpain-mediated calpastatin degradation, is also observed. Evidence for such intracellular proteolysis by Ca(2+)-activated calpain is provided by the normalization of the calpastatin level, up to that of control animals, in hypertensive rats treated with drugs known to reduce both blood pressure and intracellular Ca(2+) influx. Further evidence is provided by the disappearance, in these conditions, of the 15-kDa calpastatin fragment. These data allow the conclusion that calpastatin degradation is a relevant part of the overall mechanism for regulating calpain activity.