DNA splicing by directed ligation (SDL).

Splicing by directed ligation (SDL) is a method of in-phase joining of PCR-generated DNA fragments that is based on a pre-designed combination of class IIS restriction endonuclease recognition and cleavage sites. Since these enzymes cleave outside of their recognition sites, the resulting sticky end can have any desired sequence, and the site itself can be removed and does not appear in the final spliced DNA product. SDL is based on the addition of class IIS recognition sites onto primers used to amplify DNA sequences. Cleavage of the PCR products results in elimination of the recognition site-containing flanking sequences and leaves the DNA fragments crowned with protruding ends. With careful design of the sticky ends, several segments can be ligated together in a predetermined order in a single reaction. SDL requires fewer rounds of amplification than overlap extension methods, and is particularly useful for creating a series of recombinants that differ in one segment.