Developmental expression and perturbation of arabinogalactan-proteins during seed germination and seedling growth in tomato.

Arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs) are a family of highly glycosylated hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins present throughout the plant kingdom. A synthetic chemical reagent, (beta-D-Gal)3 Yariv reagent, specifically binds AGPs and can be used for histochemical staining, isolating and probing the function of AGPs. Here, the role of AGPs in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. UC82B) seed germination and seedling growth was examined by following expression of AGPs during these events and by treatment with (beta-D-Gal)3 Yariv to perturb AGP function. AGP expression changed during germination and seedling development both quantitatively and qualitatively as revealed by analysis of total AGP content, crossed electrophoresis patterns, RNA blots using LeAGP-1 probe, and western blots with LeAGP-1, JIM13, and MAC207 antibodies. (beta-D-Gal)3 Yariv treatment of seeds and developing seedlings did not affect percent seed germination, but markedly inhibited seedling growth in roots and to a lesser degree in shoots. Root growth inhibition encompassed reductions in overall root length, epidermal root cell elongation, root cell numbers and root hair formation. This growth inhibition was reversible following removal of (beta-D-Gal)3 Yariv. In a related experiment, water uptake by tomato seedlings was greatly inhibited by (beta-D-Gal)3 Yariv treatment. Based on these experiments, AGPs are clearly associated with tomato seedling development and likely to function in root growth, more specifically in cell elongation, cell proliferation, root hair formation and water uptake.