PURPOSE: A survey was conducted in Chikwawa District, Malawi in order to compare the current prevalence of trachoma with a similar survey in 1983. METHODS: Using random cluster household sampling, children aged 1 to 6 and adults aged 50 or older were enumerated and examined for the presence of trachoma. RESULTS: Among the 1313 children enumerated, 1249 (95.1%) were examined and among the 1431 adults enumerated, 1221 (85.3%) were examined. The prevalence of active trachoma among the children was 13.9% (11.9-15.9%), 10.0% in males and 14.4% in females. The prevalence of active trachoma varied significantly among the 25 clusters, ranging from 3.9% to 38.2% with 5 clusters (20%) having a prevalence >20%. Signs of trachomatous trichiasis were observed in 1.0% of adults examined. Active disease in 1999 was associated with a longer distance to the primary water source. CONCLUSIONS: Since 1983 there has been no mass antibiotic treatment programme in the district and little change in socioeconomic status. However, compared to the 1983 findings, active trachoma has been reduced by over 50% (p < 0.001) and trachomatous trichiasis by over 80%. In the 16-year interim (especially in the past 7 years) health, water and hygiene programmes were initiated and we hypothesize that the reduction in active disease is likely due to these changes. Our findings suggest that sustained reductions in active trachoma can be achieved without community-based antibiotic distribution.
RCT Entities:
PURPOSE: A survey was conducted in Chikwawa District, Malawi in order to compare the current prevalence of trachoma with a similar survey in 1983. METHODS: Using random cluster household sampling, children aged 1 to 6 and adults aged 50 or older were enumerated and examined for the presence of trachoma. RESULTS: Among the 1313 children enumerated, 1249 (95.1%) were examined and among the 1431 adults enumerated, 1221 (85.3%) were examined. The prevalence of active trachoma among the children was 13.9% (11.9-15.9%), 10.0% in males and 14.4% in females. The prevalence of active trachoma varied significantly among the 25 clusters, ranging from 3.9% to 38.2% with 5 clusters (20%) having a prevalence >20%. Signs of trachomatous trichiasis were observed in 1.0% of adults examined. Active disease in 1999 was associated with a longer distance to the primary water source. CONCLUSIONS: Since 1983 there has been no mass antibiotic treatment programme in the district and little change in socioeconomic status. However, compared to the 1983 findings, active trachoma has been reduced by over 50% (p < 0.001) and trachomatous trichiasis by over 80%. In the 16-year interim (especially in the past 7 years) health, water and hygiene programmes were initiated and we hypothesize that the reduction in active disease is likely due to these changes. Our findings suggest that sustained reductions in active trachoma can be achieved without community-based antibiotic distribution.
Authors: Thomas M Lietman; Teshome Gebre; Berhan Ayele; Kathryn J Ray; M Cyrus Maher; Craig W See; Paul M Emerson; Travis C Porco Journal: Epidemics Date: 2011-04-06 Impact factor: 4.396
Authors: R F Baggaley; A W Solomon; H Kuper; S Polack; P A Massae; J Kelly; S Safari; N D E Alexander; P Courtright; A Foster; D C Mabey Journal: Trop Med Int Health Date: 2006-02 Impact factor: 2.622
Authors: Sanoussi Bamani; Jonathan D King; Mamadou Dembele; Famolo Coulibaly; Dieudonne Sankara; Yaya Kamissoko; Jim Ting; Lisa A Rotondo; Paul M Emerson Journal: PLoS Negl Trop Dis Date: 2010-07-06
Authors: Matthew J Burton; Martin J Holland; Pateh Makalo; Esther A N Aryee; Ansumana Sillah; Sandra Cohuet; Angels Natividad; Neal D E Alexander; David C W Mabey; Robin L Bailey Journal: PLoS Negl Trop Dis Date: 2010-10-05
Authors: Sarah Polack; Hannah Kuper; Anthony W Solomon; Patrick A Massae; Carolina Abuelo; Ewen Cameron; Vivian Valdmanis; Michael Mahande; Allen Foster; David Mabey Journal: Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg Date: 2006-03-20 Impact factor: 2.184
Authors: P Courtright; A Hoechsmann; N Metcalfe; M Chirambo; K Noertjojo; J Barrows; J Katz; A Hoeshcmann Journal: Br J Ophthalmol Date: 2003-09 Impact factor: 4.638