J W Stewart1, M L Kaplan, D C Beitz. 1. Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames 50011, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Animal products contribute significantly to the saturated fat and cholesterol content of the American diet. Contrary to dietary advice, consumers have not limited their consumption of animal products. Thus, an alternative approach might be to modify the fatty acid composition of animal products. OBJECTIVE: We tested the hypothesis that modified pork with a high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and a low content of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) would lower plasma LDL-cholesterol concentrations in women. DESIGN:Twenty women aged 19-24 y completed a crossover study with 2 diets. Nutritionally complete diets containing 42% of energy from fat differed only in the inclusion of either standard or modified pork. Venous blood samples were collected at weeks 0, 4, and 8. RESULTS: The diet containing modified pork significantly lowered total plasma (P < 0.0076) and LDL (P < 0.0382) cholesterol. The modified diet also resulted in an increase in the PUFA and a decrease in the SFA and monounsaturated fatty acid contents of the cholesteryl ester, free fatty acid, phospholipid, and triacylglycerol lipid classes in both plasma and erythrocytes. Plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, triacylglycerol, and free fatty acids did not change significantly. CONCLUSIONS: Consumption of pork with a high PUFA content resulted in a decrease in the subjects' total plasma and LDL cholesterol and shifted the fatty acid composition from SFAs to PUFAs in the plasma and erythrocytes. Modification of the fatty acid composition of animal foods will be a useful approach to lowering the saturated fat consumption of Americans.
RCT Entities:
BACKGROUND: Animal products contribute significantly to the saturated fat and cholesterol content of the American diet. Contrary to dietary advice, consumers have not limited their consumption of animal products. Thus, an alternative approach might be to modify the fatty acid composition of animal products. OBJECTIVE: We tested the hypothesis that modified pork with a high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and a low content of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) would lower plasma LDL-cholesterol concentrations in women. DESIGN: Twenty women aged 19-24 y completed a crossover study with 2 diets. Nutritionally complete diets containing 42% of energy from fat differed only in the inclusion of either standard or modified pork. Venous blood samples were collected at weeks 0, 4, and 8. RESULTS: The diet containing modified pork significantly lowered total plasma (P < 0.0076) and LDL (P < 0.0382) cholesterol. The modified diet also resulted in an increase in the PUFA and a decrease in the SFA and monounsaturated fatty acid contents of the cholesteryl ester, free fatty acid, phospholipid, and triacylglycerollipid classes in both plasma and erythrocytes. Plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, triacylglycerol, and free fatty acids did not change significantly. CONCLUSIONS: Consumption of pork with a high PUFA content resulted in a decrease in the subjects' total plasma and LDL cholesterol and shifted the fatty acid composition from SFAs to PUFAs in the plasma and erythrocytes. Modification of the fatty acid composition of animal foods will be a useful approach to lowering the saturated fat consumption of Americans.
Authors: Sophie Hawkesworth; Alan D Dangour; Deborah Johnston; Karen Lock; Nigel Poole; Jonathan Rushton; Ricardo Uauy; Jeff Waage Journal: Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci Date: 2010-09-27 Impact factor: 6.237
Authors: Michael E R Dugan; Payam Vahmani; Tyler D Turner; Cletos Mapiye; Manuel Juárez; Nuria Prieto; Angela D Beaulieu; Ruurd T Zijlstra; John F Patience; Jennifer L Aalhus Journal: J Clin Med Date: 2015-12-16 Impact factor: 4.241