Three year experience with bovine graft arteriovenous (A-V) fistulas in 100 patients.

On the basis of the preceding discussion and information, it is our conclusion that: 1. Bovine graft A-V fistuals can be created successfully in 87% of those patients who have had a failure of conventional fistuals. 2. Bovine graft A-V fistuals provide easy needle placement. 3. Bovine graft A-V fistuals give excellent access for effective hemodialysis. 4. Bovine graft A-V fistuals do not cause excessive bleeding at the puncture site. 5. Bovine graft A-V fistuals can be used immediately.