CD80 (B7-1) expression on human acute myeloid leukaemic cells cultured with GM-CSF, IL-3 and IL-6.

Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) blasts rarely express the B7 family of co-stimulatory molecules and do not elicit a clinically significant autologous T-lymphocyte anti-tumour response. The aim of this study was the in vitro modification of AML blasts to an antigen-presenting cell phenotype characterised by upregulated expression of the co-stimulatory molecule CD80 (B7-1). Circulating AML cells were induced to undergo partial differentiation in culture with the cytokines IL-3, IL-6 and GM-CSF; they exhibited variable upregulation of CD80 and continued to express MHC class I and II. These cells remained viable to day 20, in contrast with normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC), which did not survive under the culture conditions. In contrast to unmanipulated blasts, cultured leukaemic cells expressed B7-1. Where initial cytogenetic abnormalities were present, they were also seen in flow-sorted CD80-expressing cells after culture in cytokines, indicating their malignant origin. The immunogenic potential of these cultured cells was highlighted by allogeneic and autologous mixed lymphocyte reactions, in which both differentiated, but not unmanipulated, blasts produced expansion of T-lymphocyte numbers. Autologous cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) assays indicated specific killing of B7-1+ leukaemic cells, which was greatly enhanced after priming of the T-lymphocytes by B7-1+ blasts prior to the CTL assay, then enabling the CTL to lyse both unmanipulated and differentiated leukaemic cells.