P J Cunningham1, S Trude. 1. Center for Studying Health System Change, Washington, DC 20024, USA. pcunningham@hschange.org
Abstract
BACKGROUND: By requiring or encouraging enrollees to obtain a usual source of care, managed care programs hope to improve access to care without incurring higher costs. OBJECTIVES: (1) To examine the effects of managed care on the likelihood of low-income persons having a usual source of care and a usual physician, and; (2) To examine the association between usual source of care and access. RESEARCH DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey of households conducted during 1996 and 1997. SUBJECTS: A nationally representative sample of 14,271 low-income persons. MEASURES: Usual source of care, usual physician, managed care enrollment, managed care penetration. RESULTS: High managed care penetration in the community is associated with a lower likelihood of having a usual source of care for uninsured persons (54.8% vs. 62.2% in low penetration areas) as well as a lower likelihood of having a usual physician (60% vs. 72.8%). Managed care has only marginal effects on the likelihood of having a usual source of care for privately insured and Medicaid beneficiaries. Having a usual physician substantially reduces unmet medical needs for the insured but less so for the uninsured. CONCLUSIONS: Having a usual physician can be an effective tool in improving access to care for low-income populations, although it is most effective when combined with insurance coverage. However, the effectiveness of managed care in linking more low-income persons to a medical home is uncertain, and may have unintended consequences for uninsured persons.
BACKGROUND: By requiring or encouraging enrollees to obtain a usual source of care, managed care programs hope to improve access to care without incurring higher costs. OBJECTIVES: (1) To examine the effects of managed care on the likelihood of low-income persons having a usual source of care and a usual physician, and; (2) To examine the association between usual source of care and access. RESEARCH DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey of households conducted during 1996 and 1997. SUBJECTS: A nationally representative sample of 14,271 low-income persons. MEASURES: Usual source of care, usual physician, managed care enrollment, managed care penetration. RESULTS: High managed care penetration in the community is associated with a lower likelihood of having a usual source of care for uninsured persons (54.8% vs. 62.2% in low penetration areas) as well as a lower likelihood of having a usual physician (60% vs. 72.8%). Managed care has only marginal effects on the likelihood of having a usual source of care for privately insured and Medicaid beneficiaries. Having a usual physician substantially reduces unmet medical needs for the insured but less so for the uninsured. CONCLUSIONS: Having a usual physician can be an effective tool in improving access to care for low-income populations, although it is most effective when combined with insurance coverage. However, the effectiveness of managed care in linking more low-income persons to a medical home is uncertain, and may have unintended consequences for uninsured persons.
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