F C Murphy1, B J Sahakian. 1. Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge and MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Although the presence of wide-ranging neuropsychological deficits in individuals with major depression is well established, few studies have investigated the nature of cognitive impairment in patients with bipolar disorder. AIMS: To review research of the neuropsychology of bipolar disorder, with special attention to the relationship between mood and cognitive functioning. METHOD: Literature review. RESULTS: Findings generally demonstrate mania-related impairments on conventional neuropsychological tests, with direct comparisons of patients with mania and patients with depression failing to find group differences. More recent work has sought to differentiate these disorders by employing tasks with affective components. This research has demonstrated biases for processing positive and negative stimuli in patients with mania and depression, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Future studies, employing tasks that require cognitive and emotional processing, should improve our understanding of the deficits observed in depression and mania. Neuroimaging studies of the neural regions that underlie cognitive processing of affective meaning suggest that the medial and orbitofrontal prefrontal cortex may be particularly involved.
BACKGROUND: Although the presence of wide-ranging neuropsychological deficits in individuals with major depression is well established, few studies have investigated the nature of cognitive impairment in patients with bipolar disorder. AIMS: To review research of the neuropsychology of bipolar disorder, with special attention to the relationship between mood and cognitive functioning. METHOD: Literature review. RESULTS: Findings generally demonstrate mania-related impairments on conventional neuropsychological tests, with direct comparisons of patients with mania and patients with depression failing to find group differences. More recent work has sought to differentiate these disorders by employing tasks with affective components. This research has demonstrated biases for processing positive and negative stimuli in patients with mania and depression, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Future studies, employing tasks that require cognitive and emotional processing, should improve our understanding of the deficits observed in depression and mania. Neuroimaging studies of the neural regions that underlie cognitive processing of affective meaning suggest that the medial and orbitofrontal prefrontal cortex may be particularly involved.
Authors: Ariel G Gildengers; Benoit H Mulsant; Amy Begley; Sati Mazumdar; Adriana V Hyams; Charles F Reynolds Iii; David J Kupfer; Meryl A Butters Journal: Bipolar Disord Date: 2009-08-28 Impact factor: 6.744
Authors: S Kristian Hill; Margret S H Harris; Ellen S Herbener; Mani Pavuluri; John A Sweeney Journal: Schizophr Bull Date: 2008-04-29 Impact factor: 9.306
Authors: Jennifer L Robinson; Carrie E Bearden; E Serap Monkul; Diana Tordesillas-Gutiérrez; Dawn I Velligan; Sophia Frangou; David C Glahn Journal: Bipolar Disord Date: 2009-06 Impact factor: 6.744
Authors: M Kathleen Holmes; Kristine Erickson; David A Luckenbaugh; Wayne C Drevets; Earle E Bain; Dara M Cannon; Joseph Snow; Barbara J Sahakian; Husseini K Manji; Carlos A Zarate Journal: Bipolar Disord Date: 2008-11 Impact factor: 6.744