A novel orfB-related gene of carrot mitochondrial genomes that is associated with homeotic cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS).

Three types of orfB-related genes, orfB-F1, orfB-F2 and orfB-CMS, were found in carrot mitochondrial genomes. OrfB-F1 has a structure similar to the reported orfB gene in sunflower, and orfB-F2 is a novel chimeric gene with about 200 bp of unknown sequence at the 3' end of the orfB-related sequence. All fertile plants examined contained either orfB-F1 or orfB-F2. OrfB-CMS is also a novel chimeric orfB-related gene with an additional 170 bp of unknown sequence at the 3' end. Fifteen carrot lines including petaloid CMS were examined by PCR analysis and all petaloid CMS plants were found to contain the orfB-CMS gene. The orfB-F2 and orfB-CMS genes coexist in three lines, and these lines exhibit a CMS phenotype, suggesting that the CMS phenotype is associated with orfB-CMS and is independent of the presence of orfB-F2. Interestingly, differences in predicted amino acid sequence between orfB-CMS and orfB-F2 were very limited and restricted to the carboxy-terminal region of the protein. The orfB-related genes were transcribed as expected from their DNA structures, but orfB-CMS protein accumulated only in floral organs of the CMS lines. Four RNA editing sites were common to orfB-CMS and orfB-F2, and C-to-U editing occurred in both floral and leaf organs for orfB-CMS. These results strongly suggest that the orfB-CMS gene is closely associated with the petaloid phenotype and its expression is not regulated by RNA editing, but by post-transcriptional events.