Cooperation of Cdc42 small G protein-activating and actin filament-binding activities of frabin in microspike formation.

Frabin is a GDP/GTP exchange protein for Cdc42 with actin filament (F-actin)-binding activity. Cdc42 is a small GTP-binding protein that forms filopodia-like microspikes in a variety of cells. Expression of frabin indeed forms microspikes through at least activation of Cdc42 in MDCK cells and fibroblasts such as COS7, L, and NIH3T3 cells. However, the role of the F-actin-binding activity of frabin in the microspike formation remains unknown. We have examined here this role of frabin by expressing various frabin mutants, which have lost Cdc42-activating or F-actin-binding activity, with or without a dominant active mutant of Cdc42 in MDCK and COS7 cells. We show here that for the microspike formation, either of the Cdc42-activating and F- actin-binding activities of frabin alone is not sufficient and both the activities are necessary and that both the activities play a cooperative role in the microspike formation. The present results, together with the earlier finding that Cdc42 reorganizes the actin cytoskeleton at least through the N-WASP-Arp2/3 complex, suggest that frabin directly and indirectly reorganizes the actin cytoskeleton through its F-actin-binding and Cdc42-activating activities, respectively, in a cooperative manner, eventually leading to microspike formation.