Pediatric urolithiasis.

Urinary lithiasis in the pediatric population has evolved from a mere clinical curiosity to a disease process worthy of thoughtful and rigorous scientific study. All aspects of urinary lithiasis have undergone this evolution, including the epidemiology of stone formation in children, defining new modalities of radiologic imaging, and refining surgical techniques for stone treatment. These advancements and observations in pediatric stone disease are highlighted.