Magnetic resonance imaging investigation of the mixing-segregation process in a pharmaceutical blender.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) was used to study the mixing process of binary mixtures of free flowing sugar beads in a Turbula mixer. In order to make particles MRI-sensitive, some reference beads were doped with an organic oil. Doped and undoped particles were mixed and MRI was used to non-destructively image the particle bed for a given number of mixer rotations (NR), bead diameter ratio (R=d(ref)/d(i)) and rotation speed (V). All the results were quantified on the basis of image analysis to characterise the degree of mixing. Studies showed that for binary mixtures of identical particle size, the mixing was complete after 30 rotations, whereas for beads of different size (R=2.8) a segregated steady state was obtained after nearly 10 rotations. Experiments revealed that segregation appeared as soon as R=0.9. Moreover, the lower the rotation speed, the more segregated the final state was. It appeared that for a filling level greater than 80%, dead regions appeared in the centre of the powder bed. In conclusion, when the particles are non-cohesive, the Turbula blender perfectly mixes identical beads but segregation occurs for beads of different size after just a few rotations.