Low domestic exposure to house dust mite allergens (Der p 1) is associated with a reduced non-specific bronchial hyper-responsiveness in mite-sensitized asthmatic subjects under optimal drug treatment.

BACKGROUND: Airway inflammation in asthma causes symptoms, airflow limitation and bronchial hyper-responsiveness. The strategy of asthma management is to reduce airway inflammation by drug treatment and avoidance of triggers, including allergens.
OBJECTIVE: We determined the effect of exposure to house dust mite (HDM) allergens on bronchial responsiveness in asthmatics sensitive to mites while under optimal drug treatment.
METHODS: We studied 71 mild to moderate HDM-sensitive asthmatics. Drug treatment sufficient to keep asthma under control was administered to each patient for 1 year. Subjects were divided into two groups, according to the amount of Der p 1 in their bedrooms measured after standard HDM reduction measures: low Der p 1 exposure (0.64 +/- 0.5 microg/g dust) (Group 1, n = 34) and high Der p 1 exposure (12.5 +/- 11.4 microg/g) (Group 2, n = 37). Bronchial responsiveness to methacholine (PD20FEV1) was determined at the beginning and end of the study.
RESULTS: In Group 1, PD20FEV1 increased 2.15-fold at the end of the study from 57 to 123 microg (P < 0.05), whereas in Group 2 no significant changes were observed. The subjects in Group 2 tended to increase the use of inhaled steroids and bronchodilators in the autumn months compared with subjects in Group 1, but the difference was not significant.
CONCLUSION: This long-term study shows that exposure to lower levels of mite allergens in the bedroom is associated with a decrease of bronchial hyper-responsiveness in sensitized asthmatic subjects under optimal drug treatment.