Improved results after lung transplantation--analysis of factors.

Better recipient selection, sophisticated postoperative surveillance and new immunosuppressive and anti-infective regimens can improve the results of lung transplantation. We compared the results of lung transplants performed between 1992 and 1996 (early period; 47) and between 1997 and 2000 (recent period; 46) in a cohort study to assess which factors influenced survival. Estimates of relative hazards were adjusted for possible confounding effects with the use of Cox regression analysis. Overall 2-year survival was 70%. Survival by this time was significantly better in the recent period (82% vs. 60%; p = 0.0093). Acute rejection episodes and death due to BOS were less frequent in the recent period. There were no technical failures, and the cumulative incidence of BOS was low (34% at 5 years). The beneficial effect of the transplantation date 1997 or later at a hazard ratio of 0.33 (95% CI, 0.13-0.84) was materially changed only by the adjustment for ganciclovir prophylaxis (0.50; 95% CI, 0.09-2.91) and immunosuppression with mycophenolate mofetil (0.80; 95% CI, 0.27-2.36). After adjustment for both ganciclovir and mycophenolate mofetil, the beneficial time period effect was completely removed (1.24; 95% CI, 0.14-11.39). Immunosuppressive therapy with mycophenolate mofetil and use of ganciclovir prophylaxis in addition to careful postoperative surveillance and surgical expertise can lead to improved results after lung transplantation.