Skin reactions to inhaled corticosteroids.

Corticosteroids intended for inhalation into the lungs or into the nose have been used since the 1970s. Only 2 attempts to assess contact allergy attributable to inhaled corticosteroids in patients with asthma and/or rhinitis have been made, and only 1 single case of contact allergy attributable to budesonide and tixocortol pivalate was found. However, several case reports of allergic mucosal and skin symptoms caused by corticosteroids applied locally to the mucosa have been published. Local adverse effects from nasal corticosteroids have ranged from nasal congestion, pruritus, burning, and soreness to perforation of the nasal septum. Inhalation of corticosteroids into the lungs has been reported to cause pruritus, dryness, erythema and oedema of the mouth, a dry cough and odynophagia. Systemic signs reported from the use of nasal corticosteroids and inhalation of corticosteroids into the lungs have been eczematous lesions, particularly on the face, sometimes with spreading to the trunk and flexures. Urticaria has also been noted.