Development of a three-dimensional jaw-tracking system implanted in the freely moving mouse.

A high-resolution mandibular tracking system was designed and tested in a freely moving mouse. A sensor unit, which consisted of four small magnetic sensors, was employed to trace small magnet movements in the three-dimensional space. After the sensor's output-to-displacement transformation equations were obtained from a multiple regression analysis of pre-experimental calibration data, the magnet and the sensors were transferred to the mouse, being kept at the same configuration as determined in the calibration system. In order to measure the three-dimensional jaw movements, the magnet was glued on the mandibular surface of the mouse and the sensor unit was implanted in the nasal bone. Jaw-movement trajectories were obtained as electrical signals from the sensors after being compensated by the output-to-displacement transformation equations of the sensors with a personal computer. This sensor system, applied to the freely moving mouse, could trace the jaw trajectories with an accuracy of better than 20 microm in three-dimensional space. Consequently, the typical pattern of the rhythmical jaw movements of the mouse during mastication was obtained. The mouse protruded the mandible to the most anterior position in the jaw-opening phase and retruded to it the most posterior position in the jaw-closing phase. This tracking system may also be applied to other small animals.