The infant lung function model: a mechanical analogue to test infant lung function equipment.

To facilitate international multicentre studies and quality control of infant pulmonary function measurements, the European Respiratory Society-American Thoracic Society (ERS-ATS) working group for infant lung function testing aims to develop specifications for standardized infant lung function equipment and software. However, a standardized test device is also needed to test whether existing infant lung function equipment is able to meet these requirements. The authors have built a "mechanical model baby" consisting of a linear pump which can reproduce prerecorded tidal flow waveforms with a precision of 0.5% (full stroke), enabling the simulation of tidal and forced flow patterns. This linear pump can be connected to a series of copper lung volumes (range 50-300 mL) with known time constants, so that lung volumes can be reproduced with a precision of +/-1% at frequencies 10-120bpm. Five airflow resistors were built using sinter material. When assessed using flows 0-300 mL.s(-1) all resistors showed a quasilinear pressure/ flow relationship, with slopes 1.0-5.6 kPa.L(-1).s. These resistances could be reproduced with a precision of +/-2.5%. The infant lung model can also be used to assess frequency responses of infant lung function equipment, since the pump is capable of delivering low amplitude volumes up to 20 Hz in a pseudorandom noise manner. In summary, based on error estimations, this infant lung model is able to test whether or not infant lung function equipment meets the requirements suggested by the European Respiratory Society-American Thoracic Society standardization group, that is: flow measurements within +/-2.5%, volume and resistance measurements within +/-5%, frequency response: magnitude attenuation <+/-10% and phase shift <+/-3 degrees at 10 Hz.