Tolerance to cyclosporin A-induced autologous graft-versus-host disease is mediated by a CD4+CD25+ subset of recent thymic emigrants.

Our previous studies revealed that both the autoeffector and immunoregulatory T cells in cyclosporin A (CSA)-induced autologous graft-vs-host disease are recent thymic emigrants (RTEs). The autoeffector cells appear in and are released from the thymus during the first week of CSA treatment, whereas the immunoregulatory thymocytes appear during the second week but are not released until several days after cessation of CSA treatment. In the present study, the antigenic phenotypes of these functional T cell subsets were determined by immunomagnetic separation and flow immunocytometric analysis. During CSA wk 1, the autoeffector T cells in both the thymus and lymph node (LN) expressed a CD4+8+ double-positive (DP) phenotype, after which those in the LN became CD8 single positive (SP). Timed thymectomy experiments confirmed that the CD8-SP autoeffector T cells in LN originated from these DP RTEs. During CSA wk 2, the immunoregulatory thymocytes also displayed a DP phenotype. However, they were not exported to the periphery until several days after CSA treatment had been interrupted and they had acquired a CD4-SP phenotype. In LN, these immunoregulatory RTEs expressed the CD25+ marker characteristic of anergic/suppressor T cells. Cell separation and mixing experiments demonstrated that the autoeffector T cells persist in LN after cessation of CSA treatment, but their activity is not detectable in the presence of recently exported CD4+ T cells. Hence, the results indicate that tolerance to CSA-induced autologous graft-vs-host disease is actively mediated by CD25+CD4+ RTEs that suppress the function of CD8 autoeffector T cells.