Liver cancer.

The prognosis of patients with HCC remains dismal. Even in the subgroups of patients who have the most favorable characteristics and are eligible for surgical resection, the 5-year survival rate is less than 25%. For patients with more advanced disease, the median survival time is less than 1 year. The good news in HCC research is that the disease can be prevented. In Taiwan, the rate of HCC in children aged 6 to 9 years decreased from 5.2 per million population before the neonatal vaccination program began in 1984 to 1.3 per million population in the first vaccinated cohort. Treatment of viral hepatitis with IFN may decrease the rates of long-term development of HCC. Other agents that may prevent second primary tumors following resection of HCC, such as polyprenoic acid and acylic retinoid, are also being investigated.