Investigations into the inhibitory effects of microcystins on plant growth, and the toxicity of plant tissues following exposure.

The cyanobacterial toxins microcystins are known to affect a number of processes in plant tissues, and their presence in water used for irrigation may have considerable impact on the growth and development of crop plants. In this study, two plant bioassays were employed to investigate the phytotoxic effects of microcystins. A plant tissue culture assay revealed that the growth and chlorophyll content of Solanum tuberosum L. cultures was inhibited at microcystin-LR concentrations of 0.005 and 0.05 microg x cm(-3), respectively. A previously developed bioassay was also employed to determine the effects of three commonly occurring microcystin variants on the growth of Synapis alba L. seedlings. Microcystins-LR, -RR, and -LF inhibited the growth of seedlings, with GI50 values of 1.9, 1.6 and 7.7 microg x ml(-1), respectively. The growth of Phaseolus vulgaris was also examined in the presence of microcystin-LR. The toxin was found to have little effect on growth for up to 18 days, but impaired the development of the roots of exposed plants, causing them to take up approximately 30% less growth medium than those grown in the absence of toxin. Microcystin was also detected in the tissues of exposed plants using a commercially available ELISA kit, suggesting that the uptake of these toxins by edible plants may have significant implications for human health.