J Reid1. 1. Indiana University Southeast, New Albany 47150, USA.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To review the literature on women's knowledge of Pap smears, risk factors for cervical cancer, and cervical cancer. DATA SOURCES: The review was based on a search of the relevant literature over a 10-year period using MEDLINE and CINAHL. DATA EXTRACTION: Articles from relevant, indexed journals and textbooks published within the past decade were included. Seminal articles were included as appropriate. DATA SYNTHESIS: Risk factors for the development of cervical cancer have been reevaluated. The case for human papillomavirus as the cause of cervical neoplasms has been strengthened. CONCLUSIONS: Cervical cancer is associated with early sexual debut, number of lifetime sexual partners, nonuse of condoms, and infection with human papillomavirus. Cigarette smoking facilitates development of cervical cancer.
OBJECTIVE: To review the literature on women's knowledge of Pap smears, risk factors for cervical cancer, and cervical cancer. DATA SOURCES: The review was based on a search of the relevant literature over a 10-year period using MEDLINE and CINAHL. DATA EXTRACTION: Articles from relevant, indexed journals and textbooks published within the past decade were included. Seminal articles were included as appropriate. DATA SYNTHESIS: Risk factors for the development of cervical cancer have been reevaluated. The case for human papillomavirus as the cause of cervical neoplasms has been strengthened. CONCLUSIONS:Cervical cancer is associated with early sexual debut, number of lifetime sexual partners, nonuse of condoms, and infection with human papillomavirus. Cigarette smoking facilitates development of cervical cancer.
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