Suicide prevention in Canada: a history of a community approach.

Suicide is a major mental health and public health problem in Canada. Canada's suicide rate ranks above average in comparison to countries around the world. The prevention of suicide predates the European presence in Canada and much can be learned from these endeavours. Current efforts grew largely from the grass roots, with little government support or initiative (with a few provincial/territorial exceptions). Canada's community efforts have been diverse and inclusive. Among such efforts have been: (a) traditional approaches among Native peoples, (b) the establishment of the first crisis centre in Sudbury in the 1960s, (c) the development of a comprehensive model in Alberta, (d) the beginning of a survivor movement in the 1980s, and (e) the national prevention efforts of the Canadian Association for Suicide Prevention. There are, however, striking lacks--most notable among them the paucity of support for research in Canada. Future efforts will call for even greater community response to prevent suicide and to promote wellness.