Cholera.

Cholera, an infectious disease caused by Vibrio cholerae, is primarily transmitted by ingestion of contaminated food or water. In severe cases, cholera may lead to severe dehydration, metabolic acidosis, and ultimately, hypovolemic shock and death. The diagnosis is confirmed by identification of V. cholerae in a stool specimen. Treatment should be started immediately by rapid replacement of fluid and electrolytes. Antibiotics such as tetracycline and doxycycline shorten the duration of illness but do not significantly affect overall mortality. Cholera can be prevented by limiting spread, survival, and growth of the organism. The current parenteral cholera vaccine is not recommended by the Public Health Service or the World Health Organization because of its limited protection. A number of oral vaccines are currently being tested in clinical trials.