Antiplasmodial activities of some Ghanaian plants traditionally used for fever/malaria treatment and of some alkaloids isolated from Pleiocarpa mutica; in vivo antimalarial activity of pleiocarpine.

Fourteen Ghanaian plants used in folk medicine to treat fever/malaria were screened for activity against Plasmodium falciparum (strain K1) and were tested for general toxicity to the brine shrimp. Extracts from three of the plants, Pleiocarpa mutica, Cleistopholis patens and Uvaria chamae were found to have significant antiplasmodial activity. The extract of U. chamae was toxic to brine shrimps. These findings lend support to the use of these plants in traditional medicine. Possible toxicity due to U. chamae is a cause for concern. Five known alkaloids, pleiocarpine (1), kopsinine (2), pleiocarpamine (3), eburnamine (4) and pleiomutinine (5) were isolated from the roots of P. mutica. This is the first report of the occurrence of (4) in P. mutica. Compound (5) was the most active against P. falciparum (IC50 = 5 microM). Although (1) was inactive against malaria parasites in vitro, it was moderately active against P. berghei in mice (25 mg kg(-1) daily for 4 days reduced parasitaemia by 28.5% compared to untreated controls).