Allozyme diversity and population structure of Japanese and Korean populations of wild radish, Raphanus sativus var. hortensis f. raphanistroides (Brassicaceae).

Raphanus satiuus var. hortensis f. raphanistroides (wild radish: Brassicaceae) is an insect-pollinated wild plant that grows mainly on beaches in East Asia. Starch gel electrophoresis was used to investigate the allozyme diversity and genetic structure of 25 Japanese and 9 Korean populations of this plant. Although the Korean populations were small, isolated, and patchily distributed, they maintained a high level of genetic diversity; the average percentage of polymorphic loci was 63.1%, the mean number of alleles per locus was 2.27, and the average heterozygosity was 0.278. The corresponding estimates for these parameters in the Japanese populations were 53.3%, 2.26, and 0.278. These estimates are considerably higher than those from species with similar life history and ecological characteristics, but they are lower than those from R. raphanistrum, the wild radish that grows in Europe and the U.S.A. The combination of an insect-pollinated, outcrossing breeding system, large population sizes, gene flow from cultivated radish population, and a propensity for high fecundity may explain the high level of genetic diversity within wild populations.