Spermatogonia: stem cells with a great perspective.

Interest in spermatogonia has grown in recent years as a result of exciting developments in stem cell research in general and the development of new research tools allowing the isolation, culture and transplantation of these cells. This review focuses on the methodological breakthroughs and highlights the recent findings that have substantially increased understanding of spermatogonial physiology. The article provides a comprehensive overview of the hormonal regulation of spermatogonia and presents several new approaches to the use of spermatogonia in basic science and medicine. In the near future these techniques will allow the development of novel routes for the generation of transgenic lifestock, the treatment of infertility, the targeting for male contraception, and an alternative strategy for fertility preservation of oncological patients.