Chemoradiation in conservation therapy for esophageal cancer.

Irradiation alone can be highly beneficial for patients with advanced or metastatic esophageal cancer, but external beam irradiation alone is now usually reserved for patients only requiring palliation. Higher cure rates are achieved with irradiation delivered with radiosensitizing chemotherapy based on clinical trials performed over the last decade. Chemoradiation programs based on the modest success with infusional 5-FU, cisplatin, and 50 Gy are justified for either palliative or curative treatment as long as the toxicity is acceptable. One challenge is to increase the incidence of pathologic complete response rates without incurring unacceptable acute toxicity, which is the major dose-limiting factor in current trials. Newer methods that may ameliorate acute injury are different dose schedules for chemoradiation and different methods of dose delivery. Infusional administration of chemotherapy and new dose planning and delivery systems for irradiation (conformal irradiation) are currently under study. Organ preservation for larger numbers of patients may be possible if any of these methods hold up to the early indications of success.