Phonological agraphia following a focal anterior insulo-opercular infarction.

Following a unique infarction, restricted to the left anterior insula and the adjacent part of the intrasylvian frontal opercular cortex, an 83-year-old right-handed patient acutely developed a severe speech disorder that evolved into mere mutism within a few hours. After rapid recovery from mutism, oral language was characterized by severe apraxia of speech. In-depth language investigations further disclosed an isolated, highly selective disturbance of the spelling system (phonological agraphia) which resolved rapidly. One year after onset of neurological symptoms, the apraxia of speech had almost completely receded. The anatomoclinical findings in this first representative of pure and nearly isolated phonological agraphia complement previous neuroanatomical and neurolinguistic accounts of phonological agraphia. The data not only seem to enrich current insights in the anatomical locus for phonological agraphia, they also seem to contribute to a further delineation of the insular role in phonologically mediated aphasic manifestations.