Activity of soybean lipoxygenase isoforms against esterified fatty acids indicates functional specificity.

In soybean (Glycine max L.) vegetative tissue at least five lipoxygenase isozymes are present. Four of these proteins have been localized to the paraveinal mesophyll, a layer of cells that is thought to function in assimilate partitioning. In order to determine the role of the lipoxygenase isozymes within the soybean plant, the leaf lipoxygenases were cloned into bacterial expression vectors and expressed in Escherichia coil. The recombinant lipoxygenases were then characterized as to substrate preference, pH profiles for the most common plant lipoxygenase substrates, linoleic acid, and alpha-linolenic acid, and the reaction products with the substrates linoleic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, gamma-linolenic acid, and the triacylglycerol trilinolein. All five enzymes were shown to be (13S)-lipoxygenases against linoleic acid. The results of these assays also indicate that two of these isozymes are highly active against esterified fatty acid groups, such as those found in triacylglycerols. Lipid analysis of leaves from plants subjected to sink limitation conditions indicates that the soybean leaf lipoxygenases are active in vivo against both free fatty acids and esterified lipids, and that the quantities of lipoxygenase products found in leaf tissue show a positive correlation with the level of lipoxygenase in the leaf. Implications for the putative role of these enzymes in the paraveinal mesophyll are discussed.