Chemokines in renal diseases.

The interaction of activated leukocytes and renal resident cells is thought to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of renal diseases. Recent investigations of the pathophysiological roles of chemokines and their cognate receptors have shed light on the detailed molecular mechanisms of leukocyte trafficking and activation in the diseased kidneys. Chemokine/chemokine receptor systems may be essentially involved in the pathogenesis of phase-specific renal disorders and the measurement of urinary levels of chemokines may be clinically useful for monitoring the different disease phases and activities. In addition, chemokine receptors expressed in renal resident cells may be involved in proliferation, fibrogenesis, as well as chemotaxis. The selective intervention of chemokine/chemokine receptor systems (anti-chemokine therapy) may have the potential as the particular therapeutic strategies for renal diseases in future.