Mitochondrial creatine kinase binding to phospholipids decreases fluidity of membranes and promotes new lipid-induced beta structures as monitored by red edge excitation shift, laurdan fluorescence, and FTIR.

Structural modifications induced by the binding of mitochondrial creatine kinase (mtCK) to saturated and unsaturated phospholipids were monitored by using Laurdan, a membrane probe sensitive to the polarity of the environment. The abrupt change characteristic of a phase transition of lipids alone was attenuated by addition of mtCK. Generalized polarization spectra indicated that mtCK surface binding changed the phospholipid liquid-crystalline state to a more rigid state. Infrared spectra of lipids further strengthened these results: upon mtCK binding, the phospholipid methylene chains had a more rigid conformation than that observed without mtCK at the same temperature. After mtCK binding to vesicles of perdeuterated dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine and nondeuterated dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol, no lateral phase separation was observed, suggesting that both lipids were rigidified. Moreover, mtCK bound to liposomes exhibited an uncommon red edge excitation shift of 19 nm, while that of the soluble enzyme was only 6 nm. These results indicated that the environment of some mtCK tryptophan residues was motionally restricted. Strong stabilization of the enzyme structure against heat denaturation was observed upon lipid binding. In addition, lipids promoted a new reversible protein-protein or protein-lipid interaction, as evidenced by infrared data showing a slight modification of the beta sheet over alpha helix ratio with formation of a new 1632-cm(-)(1) beta sheet instead of the soluble protein 1636-cm(-)(1) one. Such modifications, inducing a decrease in the fluidity of the mitochondrial membranes, may play a role in vesicle aggregation; they could be implicated in the appearance of contact sites between internal and external mitochondrial membranes.