Fear conditioning to tone, but not to context, is attenuated by lesions of the insular cortex and posterior extension of the intralaminar complex in rats.

C. Shi and M. Davis (1999) recently reported that combined lesions of the posterior extension of the intralaminar complex (PINT) and caudal insular cortex (INS) block acquisition but not expression of fear-potentiated startle to discrete conditioned stimuli (CSs) and a footshock unconditioned stimulus (US) and proposed that PINT-INS projections to the amygdala constitute the essential US pathways involved in fear conditioning. The present study further tested this hypothesis by examining whether PINT-INS lesions block fear conditioning (as measured by freezing) to diffuse-context and discrete-tone CSs, and whether posttraining lesions with continued CS-US training result in extinction to the CSs. Posttraining lesions resulted in a selective attenuation of tone conditioning, but context conditioning was unaffected by pre- and posttraining lesions. These results do not support the view that the PINT-INS represent the essential US pathway in fear conditioning.