Hepatic encephalopathy.

In the last decade, a significant amount of research has been devoted to the pathogenesis and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy (HE). Non-invasive neuroimaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy have become important research tools. The search for a suitable animal model of HE associated with cirrhosis is still ongoing. Moreover, consensus terminology and diagnostic criteria for HE in humans are badly needed.