Imaging systems in minimally invasive surgery.

The imaging system is the eye of the laparoscopic surgeon. The success or failure of a minimally invasive procedure depends on the quality and working order of the imaging system used. The components that work together to produce an image on the monitor is called the imaging chain. The image displayed will be good as the chain's weakest component. Understanding how the pieces of this process work together will allow the surgeon to troubleshoot basic system problems, leading to improved image displays and safer operating environments. Continuous refinement of laparoscopes, lighting systems, cameras, monitors, and displays lead to an ever-improving operating environment.