Current treatment for ovarian cancer.

Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynaecologic malignancy. Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) constitutes approximately 90% of cases of ovarian cancer and 70% of the patients with EOC present in advanced stage. Treatment of EOC usually consists of cytoreductive surgery which includes total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH), bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO), omentectomy and lymphadenectomy followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. Current adjuvant chemotherapy includes paclitaxel and either cisplatin or carboplatin given every 3 weeks for six cycles. The combination paclitaxel and platinum chemotherapy achieves clinical response in approximately 80% of patients. However, most patients will have tumour recurrence within 3 years following treatment. Patients with platinum-sensitive tumours can be re-treated with platinum and/or paclitaxel. Those with platinum-resistant tumours have poor prognosis and treatment is palliative. Options of treatment in these patients include topotecan, doxil, gemcitabine, etoposide, or enrolment in clinical trials. Future research needs to focus on the role of cytoreductive surgery, second-look surgery, consolidation chemotherapy, development of new chemotherapeutic agents, chemoresistance modulators, as well as new approaches to the treatment of women with ovarian cancer.