BACKGROUND: Menstrual, reproductive and hormonal factors have been related to ovarian cancer risk, but further quantification of their role in various populations is required. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Cases were 1031 women, below age 79, with incident, histologically confirmed epithelial ovarian cancer, and controls 2411 women, admitted between 1992 and 1999 to a network of hospitals in 4 Italian areas for acute, non-neoplastic, diseases. Odds ratios (OR) were obtained using multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: Multiparity was associated with a significant reduction in risk of ovarian cancer (OR = 0.6 for 3, and 0.5 for > or = 4 births). No consistent association was observed with time since first or last birth, nor with spontaneous or induced abortions. Late age at menarche (OR = 0.8), and early menopause (OR = 0.6) were inversely related to risk, as did long-term oral contraceptive use (OR = 0.5, for > or = 5 years). Hormone replacement therapy in menopause was associated with a non-significantly elevated risk (OR = 1.4). The pattern of risk was similar for women with and for those without family history of breast or ovarian cancer. CONCLUSIONS: This uniquely large study confirms and further quantities the relation between hormonal and reproductive factors and ovarian cancer. The pattern of risk observed cannot be totally explained by a role of ovulation in ovarian carcinogenesis.
BACKGROUND: Menstrual, reproductive and hormonal factors have been related to ovarian cancer risk, but further quantification of their role in various populations is required. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Cases were 1031 women, below age 79, with incident, histologically confirmed epithelial ovarian cancer, and controls 2411 women, admitted between 1992 and 1999 to a network of hospitals in 4 Italian areas for acute, non-neoplastic, diseases. Odds ratios (OR) were obtained using multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: Multiparity was associated with a significant reduction in risk of ovarian cancer (OR = 0.6 for 3, and 0.5 for > or = 4 births). No consistent association was observed with time since first or last birth, nor with spontaneous or induced abortions. Late age at menarche (OR = 0.8), and early menopause (OR = 0.6) were inversely related to risk, as did long-term oral contraceptive use (OR = 0.5, for > or = 5 years). Hormone replacement therapy in menopause was associated with a non-significantly elevated risk (OR = 1.4). The pattern of risk was similar for women with and for those without family history of breast or ovarian cancer. CONCLUSIONS: This uniquely large study confirms and further quantities the relation between hormonal and reproductive factors and ovarian cancer. The pattern of risk observed cannot be totally explained by a role of ovulation in ovarian carcinogenesis.
Authors: Holly R Harris; Ana Babic; Penelope M Webb; Christina M Nagle; Susan J Jordan; Harvey A Risch; Mary Anne Rossing; Jennifer A Doherty; Marc T Goodman; Francesmary Modugno; Roberta B Ness; Kirsten B Moysich; Susanne K Kjær; Estrid Høgdall; Allan Jensen; Joellen M Schildkraut; Andrew Berchuck; Daniel W Cramer; Elisa V Bandera; Nicolas Wentzensen; Joanne Kotsopoulos; Steven A Narod; Catherine M Phelan; John R McLaughlin; Hoda Anton-Culver; Argyrios Ziogas; Celeste L Pearce; Anna H Wu; Kathryn L Terry Journal: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev Date: 2017-11-15 Impact factor: 4.254
Authors: Amy L Shafrir; Helena Schock; Elizabeth M Poole; Kathryn L Terry; Rulla M Tamimi; Susan E Hankinson; Bernard A Rosner; Shelley S Tworoger Journal: Cancer Causes Control Date: 2017-03-13 Impact factor: 2.506