Emotional distress of infertile women in Japan.

Although recent papers have suggested that psychological factors are implicated in the experience of infertility, few studies have assessed this relationship in a sample of Japanese infertile women. This study was carried out in order to clarify whether Japanese infertile women experience emotional distress. A cross-sectional questionnaire study was performed to assess the psychological states of 101 infertile women compared to 81 healthy pregnant women. The hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) and the profile of mood states (POMS) were administered. These questionnaires produced scores for depression/dejection, anxiety, aggression/hostility, lack of vigour, fatigue, tension anxiety, and confusion. The HADS and the POMS scores of infertile women were significantly higher than those of pregnant women, except for fatigue score. Infertile women with positive HADS indicating emotional disorders (39/101, 38.6%) were significantly (P = 0.0008, chi(2) test) more than those of pregnant women (13/81, 16.0%) when the threshold was set at 12/13 of total HADS scores. The HADS scores were not affected by the women's age, duration of infertility, experience of conception, routine tests, and work states. In this Japanese population, infertile women reported higher levels of emotional distress than pregnant women, suggesting psychological support is needed for infertile women.