BACKGROUND: Even though fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) has been reported in nonwestern nations, there is a paucity of information on neurodevelopment in the affected children from those nations. This article reports on a study of cognitive-motor development in a group of children with FAS from a community in the Western Cape Province in South Africa. METHODS: Thirty-four children with FAS and 34 controls from grade 1 (school entry level) classes participated. The two groups comprised Afrikaans-speaking children of mixed ancestry (South African Colored) and were matched for age, sex, and family income. The Griffiths Mental Development Scales were used to assess cognitive motor development of the participants. RESULTS: A multivariate analysis of covariance was performed to test the group effect on the combined Griffiths subscales adjusting for maternal education. The results showed a significant group effect. Follow-up analyses revealed that a combination of four subscales (Speech and Hearing, Performance, Practical Reasoning, and Eye and Hand Coordination) primarily contributed to the overall effect. Although there was a marginal effect on the Personal-Social subscale, no significant effect on the Locomotor (gross motor) subscale was found. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that the FAS group was markedly deficient only in higher-order cognitive-motor competencies.
BACKGROUND: Even though fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) has been reported in nonwestern nations, there is a paucity of information on neurodevelopment in the affected children from those nations. This article reports on a study of cognitive-motor development in a group of children with FAS from a community in the Western Cape Province in South Africa. METHODS: Thirty-four children with FAS and 34 controls from grade 1 (school entry level) classes participated. The two groups comprised Afrikaans-speaking children of mixed ancestry (South African Colored) and were matched for age, sex, and family income. The Griffiths Mental Development Scales were used to assess cognitive motor development of the participants. RESULTS: A multivariate analysis of covariance was performed to test the group effect on the combined Griffiths subscales adjusting for maternal education. The results showed a significant group effect. Follow-up analyses revealed that a combination of four subscales (Speech and Hearing, Performance, Practical Reasoning, and Eye and Hand Coordination) primarily contributed to the overall effect. Although there was a marginal effect on the Personal-Social subscale, no significant effect on the Locomotor (gross motor) subscale was found. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that the FAS group was markedly deficient only in higher-order cognitive-motor competencies.
Authors: Philip A May; J Phillip Gossage; Anna-Susan Marais; Colleen M Adnams; H Eugene Hoyme; Kenneth L Jones; Luther K Robinson; Nathaniel C O Khaole; Cudore Snell; Wendy O Kalberg; Loretta Hendricks; Lesley Brooke; Chandra Stellavato; Denis L Viljoen Journal: Drug Alcohol Depend Date: 2006-11-28 Impact factor: 4.492
Authors: Florence F Roussotte; Kathleen K Sulik; Sarah N Mattson; Edward P Riley; Kenneth L Jones; Colleen M Adnams; Philip A May; Mary J O'Connor; Katherine L Narr; Elizabeth R Sowell Journal: Hum Brain Mapp Date: 2011-03-17 Impact factor: 5.038
Authors: Philip A May; Barbara G Tabachnick; J Phillip Gossage; Wendy O Kalberg; Anna-Susan Marais; Luther K Robinson; Melanie Manning; David Buckley; H Eugene Hoyme Journal: Drug Alcohol Depend Date: 2011-06-11 Impact factor: 4.492
Authors: Philip A May; Kari J Hamrick; Karen D Corbin; Julie M Hasken; Anna-Susan Marais; Lesley E Brooke; Jason Blankenship; H Eugene Hoyme; J Phillip Gossage Journal: Reprod Toxicol Date: 2014-02-22 Impact factor: 3.143
Authors: Philip A May; J Phillip Gossage; Matthew Smith; Barbara G Tabachnick; Luther K Robinson; Melanie Manning; Mauro Cecanti; Kenneth Lyons Jones; Nathaniel Khaole; David Buckley; Wendy O Kalberg; Phyllis M Trujillo; H Eugene Hoyme Journal: J Dev Behav Pediatr Date: 2010-05 Impact factor: 2.225
Authors: Lisa A Eaton; Eileen V Pitpitan; Seth C Kalichman; Kathleen J Sikkema; Donald Skinner; Melissa H Watt; Desiree Pieterse; Demetria N Cain Journal: Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse Date: 2014-03 Impact factor: 3.829
Authors: Alfredo S Aragón; Wendy O Kalberg; David Buckley; Lindsey M Barela-Scott; Barbara G Tabachnick; Philip A May Journal: Alcohol Clin Exp Res Date: 2008-09-30 Impact factor: 3.455
Authors: Lisa A Eaton; Eileen V Pitpitan; Seth C Kalichman; Kathleen J Sikkema; Donald Skinner; Melissa H Watt; Desiree Pieterse; Demetria N Cain Journal: Prev Sci Date: 2014-06