OBJECTIVE: To determine how viral shedding and development or lack of clinical disease relate to contact transmission of vesicular stomatitis virus New Jersey (VSV-NJ) in pigs and determine whether pigs infected by contact could infect other pigs by contact. ANIMALS: 63 pigs. PROCEDURE: Serologically naive pigs were housed in direct contact with pigs that were experimentally inoculated with VSV-NJ via ID inoculation of the apex of the snout, application to a scarified area of the oral mucosa, application to intact oral mucosa, or ID inoculation of the ear. In a second experiment, pigs infected with VSV-NJ by contact were moved and housed with additional naive pigs. Pigs were monitored and sampled daily for clinical disease and virus isolation and were serologically tested before and after infection or contact. RESULTS: Contact transmission developed only when vesicular lesions were evident. Transmission developed rapidly; contact pigs shed virus as early as 1 day after contact. In pens in which contact transmission was detected, 2 of 3 or 3 of 3 contact pigs were infected. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Transmission was lesion-dependent; however, vesicular lesions often were subtle with few or no clinical signs of infection. Contact transmission was efficient, with resulting infections ranging from subclinical (detected only by seroconversion) to clinical (development of vesicular lesions). Long-term maintenance of VSV-NJ via contact transmission alone appears unlikely. Pigs represent an efficient large-animal system for further study of VSV-NJ pathogenesis and transmission.
OBJECTIVE: To determine how viral shedding and development or lack of clinical disease relate to contact transmission of vesicular stomatitis virus New Jersey (VSV-NJ) in pigs and determine whether pigs infected by contact could infect other pigs by contact. ANIMALS: 63 pigs. PROCEDURE: Serologically naive pigs were housed in direct contact with pigs that were experimentally inoculated with VSV-NJ via ID inoculation of the apex of the snout, application to a scarified area of the oral mucosa, application to intact oral mucosa, or ID inoculation of the ear. In a second experiment, pigs infected with VSV-NJ by contact were moved and housed with additional naive pigs. Pigs were monitored and sampled daily for clinical disease and virus isolation and were serologically tested before and after infection or contact. RESULTS: Contact transmission developed only when vesicular lesions were evident. Transmission developed rapidly; contact pigs shed virus as early as 1 day after contact. In pens in which contact transmission was detected, 2 of 3 or 3 of 3 contact pigs were infected. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Transmission was lesion-dependent; however, vesicular lesions often were subtle with few or no clinical signs of infection. Contact transmission was efficient, with resulting infections ranging from subclinical (detected only by seroconversion) to clinical (development of vesicular lesions). Long-term maintenance of VSV-NJ via contact transmission alone appears unlikely. Pigs represent an efficient large-animal system for further study of VSV-NJ pathogenesis and transmission.
Authors: Lauro Velazquez-Salinas; Steven J Pauszek; Carolina Stenfeldt; Emily S O'Hearn; Juan M Pacheco; Manuel V Borca; Antonio Verdugo-Rodriguez; Jonathan Arzt; Luis L Rodriguez Journal: Front Microbiol Date: 2018-08-15 Impact factor: 5.640
Authors: Igor Morozov; Thomas P Monath; David A Meekins; Jessie D Trujillo; Sun-Young Sunwoo; Kinga Urbaniak; In Joong Kim; Sanjeev K Narayanan; Sabarish V Indran; Wenjun Ma; William C Wilson; Cassandra O'Connor; Sheri Dubey; Sean P Troth; Beth-Ann Coller; Richard Nichols; Brian K Martin; Heinz Feldmann; Juergen A Richt Journal: Emerg Microbes Infect Date: 2021-12 Impact factor: 7.163
Authors: Amy K Wray; Kevin J Olival; David Morán; Maria Renee Lopez; Danilo Alvarez; Isamara Navarrete-Macias; Eliza Liang; Nancy B Simmons; W Ian Lipkin; Peter Daszak; Simon J Anthony Journal: Ecohealth Date: 2016-09-22 Impact factor: 3.184